ІДЕОЛОГІЯ КОМУНІСТИЧНОЇ ПАРТІЇ КИТАЮ В ПЕРІОД ПОЛІТИКИ РЕФОРМ І ВІДКРИТОСТІ: ПРОБЛЕМА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

Abstract

The article studies the problem of definition and methods of studying the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party in the post-Maoist period, provides a comparative analysis of these approaches. The author analyses the “official ideology” concept of the CCP and its various expressions in the political theories of the Chinese leaders, which are generally su-bordinated to the single task of building the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. The next point deals with the importance of studying the ideology of the CPC since it is simultaneously a theory of cognition of the world (epistemology) and political action (legitimacy in society). Therefore, the study of the ideology of the CPC is the main approach not only to understand the party’s strategy and change of its leadership, but also to analyze the political and socio-economic development of the PRC as a whole. The research highlights that in existing studies insufficient attention is paid to the study of the holistic development of the official ideology of the CCP in the genesis and in various contexts (internal and external). Accordingly, this determines the need for a systematic study of the ideology of the CCP, represented in genetically linked party concepts – Marxism-Leninism, the ideas of Mao Zedong, the Deng Xiaoping theory, the concept of Three Represents (Jiang Zemin Theory), Hu Jintao’s Scientific Outlook on Development and Xi Jinping’s ideas about Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is noted that new concepts in the ideology of the CCP not only determine the political future of China, but also have great international influence, that accordingly defines the relevance of research in this area. Particular attention is paid to the formation of various approaches to understanding the ideology of the CCP, starting with the work of the American sociologist and historian F. Schurmann. It is proved the fallacy of the point of view quite widespread among Western scholars that in modern China, ideology is a dogma and performs only the function of deterrence in the implementation of social and economic reforms. It is shown that ideology still plays a decisive role in the PRC, and this is achieved due to the high degree of adaptation of theories and party language. It is determined that further studies of the development of official ideology should be aimed at creating an overall picture of the political transformations of the CPC.