КОНСТИТУЦІЙНА МОДЕЛЬ ЕТНОНАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ КИТАЮ

Abstract

The constitutional model of ethnonational policy as a methodological tool of research is defined, as well as its elements, national features, subject-object relations. The constitutional model of China’s ethnonational policy, enshrined in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, has been studied – both its external and internal dimensions, which constitutes the main ethnopolitical and ethnonational challenges facing by the state nowadays. A category of foreign ethnonational policy is defined by distinguishing ethnonational policy into domestic and foreign ones. Although the Constitution of the PRC, like most modern states, does not directly define the model of ethnonational policy, it is constitutionalized by a number of constitutional principles that determine the principles of ethnonational policy of China. Based on the analysis of the text of the Constitution of the PRC, the constitutional model of the ethnonational policy is determined as a component of the constitutional order of the PRC. It is democratic and is characterized by such national features as: 1) the constitutional consolidation of the external dimension of ethnonational policy (foreign ethnonational policy) in the form of protection of the rights and interests of foreign Chinese; 2) a combination of political and ethnic approach to the nation (constitutionalization of the Chinese nation and the Chinese people), which results in their reproduction in the real model of ethnonational policy; 3) determination of the polyethnicity of the Chinese people as a constitutional principle and value, recognition of the contribution of other ethnicities to state formation; 4) protection of the minority ethnicities by ensuring their rights, development of ethnocultural identity and formation of ethnoterritorial autonomy in places of their compact residence; 5) consolidation of the political nation – the Chinese people by supporting the state relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance between all ethnic communities in China; 6) counteraction to destructive ethnopolitical phenomena and processes (discrimination, violation of rights on ethnic grounds, extreme manifestations of nationalism, disintegration); 7) reintegration of the mainland and island territory inhabited by the Chinese.