DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS IN CHINA: TRANSFORMATION OF HABITUAL PRACTICES
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Abstract
The demographic situation in China is analyzed, its influence on the socio-economic stability of the state and transformation of habitual practices are clarified. It is noted that the result of Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward” policy, aimed at industrialization and cultural revolution, was famine of 1961, and therefore, a sharp decrease in the country’s population. It is found that subsequent years of economic stabilization contributed to its significant increase, which in turn forced the government to introduce Ma Yinchu’s program – “one family – one child” policy. Based on the scientific monitoring and analysis of Human Development Index and the Population Reference Bureau data from 1950 to 2100, it is noted that China demonstrates a directly proportional economic dependence. According to the data of the seventh national census, the dependence between the country’s socioeconomic development level and the demographic situation in it was traced. 5 models of the sex-age structure of the population were considered: “triangle”, “umbrella”, “helmet”, “spindle”, “hat”. It is proved that until 1979 the demographic situation in the People’s Republic of China was described by the umbrella model with a high level of growth, after the implementation of “one family – one child” policy – the helmet model. It is noted that this pattern is described by the formula 4:2:1, which characterizes the situation when the Chinese government should, on the one hand, stimulate the birth rate and seek to increase the population, and, on the other hand, provide for the older people’s needs and create necessary prerequisites for transformation of habitual practices. The causes and consequences of the phenomena of “little emperor/princess”, “heihaizi”, the aging of the Chinese, suicides among the elderly (especially women), the epidemic of COVID-19, etc. are highlighted, that form the basis for a new system of economic relations called “silver economy” or “longevity economy”.
How to Cite
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China, demographic factor, habitual practices, “one family – one child” policy, models of the sex-age structure of the population, formula 4:2:1, “little emperor/ princess” phenomenon, “heihaizi”, “silver economy”, “longevity economy”.
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