CHINESE GRAND STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AFTER 1990: GOALS, TOOLS, PHASES
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Abstract
This article is the second part on the issue of China’s Grand Strategy. It reveals the dramatic shift in the country’s grand strategy under Xi Jinping’s leadership, namely from 2017. Now it’s crucial to move away from the obsolete understanding of China. Beijing’s consideration comes through the lens of Chinese own geostrategic clash with the USA over global leadership, launched by China after 1990. Despite increased cooperation with the USA during Deng Xiaoping rule, Beijing perceived America as the competitor. Especially after the USSR collapse, US-encouraged efforts to “liberalize” China in 1989 and Gulf War in the Middle East, which convinced Beijing of the American determination to sustain its hegemony by hard force. Chinese Grand Strategy has its goals, tools – political, economic, military means, and three main phases: blunting, building, expansion. All of them are in detail scrutinized in this paper. Against the background of the Russo-Ukrainian war, Beijing continues to maintain a “neutral” stance and promotes its own vision of ceasefire. China is interested in the end of the war, but it is vital for Beijing if Russo-Ukrainian confrontation result will lead to the strengthening of Russia-China asymmetrical strategic partnership, development of Beijingled regional alliances in Eurasia, and increase of Chinese global influence.
How to Cite
Shevchenko, P. (2023). CHINESE GRAND STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AFTER 1990: GOALS, TOOLS, PHASES. Chinese Studies, (2), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.51198/chinesest2023.02.052
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Keywords
China, Chinese Grand Strategy, US-China competition
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Clarke M. (2018), How Big Is China’s Belt and Road?, Center For Strategic & International Studies, available at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-big-chinasbelt-and-road (accessed 26 February 2023) (In English).
Deng Xiaoping (1992), Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III (1982–1992) (In English).
Doshi R. (2022), The Long Game: China’s Grand Strategy to Displace American Order (Bridging the Gap), Oxford University Press (In English).
Economy E. (2018), The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State, Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (In English).
Erickson A.S. (2013), Chinese Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM) Development: Drivers, Trajectories, and Strategic Implications, Brookings Institution Press, pp. 27–51 (In English).
Fukuyama F. (2022), Putin’s war on the liberal order, Financial Times, available at: https://www.ft.com/content/d0331b51-5d0e-4132-9f97-c3f41c7d75b3 (accessed 26 February 2023) (In English).
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Kagan R. (2018), The Jungle Grow Back, Penguin Random House LLC, New York (In English).
Kai He (2009), Institutional Balancing in Asia Pacific, Routledge (In English).
Hanson M.A. (2020), China’s Marine Corps Is on the Rise, U.S. Naval Institute, available at: https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2020/april/chinasmarine-corps-rise (accessed 26 February 2023) (In English).
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Qiao Liang & Wang Xiangsui (1999), Unrestricted Warfare, Beijing: PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House (In English).
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Trivedi A. (2020), China Is Winning the Trillion-Dollar 5G War, The Washington Post, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/china-is-winning-thetrillion-dollar-5g-war/2020/07/12/876cb2f6-c493-11ea-a825-8722004e4150_story.html (accessed 26 February 2023) (In English).
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Xiao R. (2016), China as an institution-builder: the case of the AIIB, The Pacific Review, Volume 29, № 3, 435–442 (In English).
Qiu Shi Wang（2019), “cong “bai nian wei you zhi da bian ju” zhong ba wo ji yu, available at: http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/hqwg/201904/10/c_1124344744.htm (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
Jiang haofeng, Jia wenshan (2022), ”qian nian shi ye xia bai nian wei you zhi da bian ju yu zhong guo lu jing , xian dai guo ji guan xi”, 2022, (07), available at: cnki.net (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
Da Xue Jun Shi Lun Wen (2015), “lun mei guo dui wo guo an quan gou cheng zong he xing wei xie”, available at: https://www.docin.com/p-1297057180.html (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
Jiang Zemin Wen Xuan (2006), available at: http://www.12371.cn/special/jzmwx/d1j/ (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
Li Zhaoxing (2013), “shuo bu jin de wai jiao”, di yi zhang mei guo ：dui shou hai shi peng you, zhong xin chu ban she (In Chinese).
Li Peng（2008), “he ping fa zhan he zuo ：li peng wai shi ri ji”， xin hua chu ban she (In Chinese).
Xi Jinping (2014), “Xi Jin Ping tan zhi guo li zheng”，di er juan，wai wen chu ban she (In Chinese).
Hu Jintao Wen Xuan (2016),available at: http://www.12371.cn/special/blqs/hjtwx/ (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
Zhong Guo Ri Bao （2015),“zhong guo guo fang bai pi shu “zhong guo de jun shi zhan lue”，available at: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/interface/toutiao/1138561/2015-5-26/cd_20821000.html (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
Xin Hua She (2017), “Xi Jin Ping：jue sheng quan mian jian cheng xiao kang she hui duo qu xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi wei da sheng li – zai zhong guo gong chan dang di shi jiu ci quan guo dai biao da hui shang de bao gao”, available at: http://www.gov.cn/zhuanti/2017-10/27/content_5234876.htm (accessed 26 February 2023) (In Chinese).
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