ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ «КИТАЙСЬКОЇ НАЦІЇ» З ЧАСІВ ДИНАСТІЇ ЦІН ДО СЕРЕДИНИ ХХ СТ.

Abstract

The article examines the process of formation of the concept of the “Chinese nation” from the Qing dynasty to the middle of the 20th century, its spread and influence on modern China. The period of appearance of the term “nation” and the initiators of its use are determined. The role of Liang Qichao in the use, dissemination and research of the history of the evolution of the concept of the “Chinese nation” is emphasized. It was noted that the formation and spread of the modern concept of the Chinese nation took place in the initial period of the Republic of China. The establishment of the Republic of China created the conditions for a clear formulation of the concept of the “Chinese nation” and its general recognition. The integration of the five nationalities and the promotion of equal integration of nationalities became the consensus of various political forces in the early period of the Republic of China. In the early years of the Republic of China, the modern concept of the Chinese nation was largely formed. After the May 4th movement, especially after the 20s of the 20st century, a general concept of the Chinese nation was formed. The term “Chinese nation” was written into the political platforms of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and began to be used increasingly in China. During the decade of the civil war, the symbolic identity of the “Chinese nation” was strengthened and deepened. After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government in 1927, especially after the formal reunification of China the following year, the concept of a “great Chinese nation” was clearly recognized. The aggression of Japanese militarism contributed to the continuous deepening of the identity of the “Chinese nation”, the general concept of a united “Chinese nation” spread throughout the country. Before and after the anti-Japanese war, there was a significant spread of the modern concept of the Chinese nation. Since the early 1940s, Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist government promoted the concept of a single Chinese nation based on the unification of the five nationalities – Han, Manchu, Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan – into a single entity. At that time, the CCP created the concept of a Chinese nation in which several nationalities coexisted as one big community. The Anti-Japanese War finally firmly cemented the concept of a unified modern Chinese nation in the minds of the vast majority of Chinese people and overseas Chinese. Publications of Chinese researchers of the concept of the "Chinese nation" at the beginning of the 21st century are considered.