ІМПЕРАТИВНА СЕМАНТИКА В НЕОЗНАЧЕНО-РЕФЕРЕНТНИХ ВИСЛОВЛЮВАННЯХ У СУЧАСНІЙ КИТАЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПРАВИЛ ТА ОГОЛОШЕНЬ У ШАНХАЙСЬКОМУ МЕТРОПОЛІТЕНІ)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the implementation of imperative semantics in indefinite-referential statements in the modern Chinese language. Rules and announcements in the Shanghai subway were used as material for the study of the chosen topic, since indefinite-referential expressions are used in proverbs and sayings, instructions, advertising slogans, announcements – that is, where any person who sees or hears such an expression can become the object of information perception and the object of will expression. In general, imperative categorical situations are related to the speaker’s expression of will in relation to the listener and aim to express the will with the semantic components of causation and the subject. At the same time, the imperative statement contains the speaker’s expression of will addressed to the listener, aimed at the performance of an action caused by the urge. It can be said that the imperative is an addressed expression of will, and the subject of the expression of will is a specific or generalized person who may remain unexpressed in the imperative statement. Based on this material, the study of undefined-referential expressions was divided into two parts: the inventory of the means of implementation and the analysis of these specific imperative categorical situations. The analysis showed that the semantics of the imperativeness is realized by the following linguistic means in the studied utterances: modal verbs 禁止, 得(in the negative form), modal adverb 必须, optative construction 宁…, 不…, phrase 当心, four-syllable fixed expressions with educational sense, as well as the general absence of any formal indicators. It was analyzed that in indefinitereferential expressions, attention is transferred from the object to the action itself, which is contained in the volition, which appeals to all recipients who will perceive it. The analysis of the means of implementation of imperativeness in indefinite-referential expressions made it possible to single out a number of categorical situations within which indefinite-referential imperative expressions function in the modern Chinese language, namely: prohibition, order, request, advice. The greatest attention is given to samples of messages in which the imperative semantics is implemented under contextual conditions and the absence of any formal indicators of the modality of imperativeness, which is of interest for the prospects of further research on the semantics of imperativeness and the category of modality in general in the modern Chinese language.