ДЕБАТИ ПРО СОЦІАЛІЗМ У КИТАЇ 1980-х–1990-х: НА ПРИКЛАДІ ГОРБАЧОВСЬКОЇ ГЛАСНОСТІ
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Анотація
Гласність Михайла Горбачова була популярною темою у Китаї 1980-х. У наявних дослідженнях зазначається, що китайські спостерігачі за Радянським Союзом захоплювалися програмою Горбачова як моделлю для демократизації Китаю у 1980-х. Проте після 1991 р., через їхній вплив на продемократичні рухи Китаю (як вважалося китайським урядом), ті самі вчені постійно критикували Горбачова і його політику лібералізації за те, що вона була основним каталізатором розпаду СРСР. У пропонованій статті припускається, що привабливість політики гласності Горбачова для китайських дослідників Радянського Союзу пояснювалася не тим, що вона символізувала демократію західного типу; навпаки, вони сприймали гласність як тип демократії, керованої урядом. Вплив політики Горбачова після середини 1990-х також можна простежити у її використанні китайськими дослідниками, щоб підтримати реформістського генерального секретаря Чжао Цзияна в його боротьбі за владу проти партійних консерваторів, яка призвела до подій на площі Тяньаньмень. У статті також йдеться, що неприязнь китайських дослідників до Горбачова після подій на площі Тяньаньмень передусім була зумовлена не його роллю у сприянні демократизації; швидше, вона виникла через м’який підхід Горбачова щодо інакомислення, коли комунізм у Європі був на межі краху. Привертаючи увагу до м’якого підходу Горбачова, китайські критики виправдовували використання Китаєм репресій на площі Тяньаньмень і жорстких заходів, прийнятих Ден Сяопінем, щоб зберегти соціалістичний лад і соціальну стабільність.
Як цитувати
Цзє, Л. (2021). ДЕБАТИ ПРО СОЦІАЛІЗМ У КИТАЇ 1980-х–1990-х: НА ПРИКЛАДІ ГОРБАЧОВСЬКОЇ ГЛАСНОСТІ. Китаєзнавчі дослідження, (1), 47-68. вилучено із https://chinese-studies.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/65
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Ключові слова
Михайло Горбачов, Ден Сяопін, Чжао Цзиян, китайська Совєтологія, Тяньаньмень, сучасний Китай, посткомунізм
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