СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ ТА ПОКАЗНИКА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СИТУАЦІЇ 了 LE В КИТАЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ

Abstract

The article deals with the issue of forming the aspectual semantics of an utterance as a result of the interaction of various grammatical markers of the category of aspect. The aspectual meaning of a sentence is by its nature composite, formed as an interaction of grammatical and semantic features of linguistic means of different levels. The article deals with the peculiarities of interaction between the resultative constructions of the modern Chinese language and the aspectual marker 了 le. Resultative constructions in Chinese consist of a main predicate representing a certain process and an additional predicate indicating a certain state as a result of the previous process. Resultative constructions include structures with result modifiers and direction modifiers. From the point of view of aspectual semantics, such structures are means of realization of completive meaning, namely the completion of an action or the achievement of a resultant state as the limit of an action. The following are the actional properties of resultative constructions with direction and result modifiers: [limit+], [dynamism+], [duration-], and these constructions can be attributed to the aspectual class of achievements. The grammatical marker 了 le acts as a mean of expressing the aspectual semantics of the realization of a certain situation, focusing on the fact that a certain situation has been realized or has taken place. At the same time, the semantics realized by the grammatical marker 了 le in the utterance is also determined by the aspectual properties of the predicate. Resultative constructions as those, that belong to the class of achievements, in interaction with the grammatical indicator 了 le, form a complementary interpretation of the situation, i.e. the fact of realization of the result of the action. However, since resultative constructions imply the achievement of a certain state resulting from an action, the semantics of the grammatical marker 了 le in such structures can also be interpreted as the occurrence or beginning of a certain resultative state that has occurred and continues to exist at the moment of speech or at the moment of reference time. Thus, the interaction of resultative constructions and the grammatical marker 了 le forms a complex aspectual meaning of the utterance, which includes the semantics of realization of a certain result caused by the action, as well as the semantics of occurrence and existence of the resultative state relevant at the moment of speech.